Oppenheimer’s Odyssey: From Atom Bomb Architect to Transformative Innovator
Oppenheimer’s Odyssey: jo ki ‘Atom Bomb ke Pita’ ke roop mein jaane jaate hain, ka janm 22 April, 1904 mein New York City mein hua tha. Unke maa-baap, Julius S. Oppenheimer aur Ella Friedman Oppenheimer, dhanvaan parivaar se the. Unki bachpan ki zindagi relative taur par visheshadhikar se yukt thi, jahan woh ek buddhimatta se paripoorn bachcha the, jinki vaastavik ruchi vigyaan mein thi, vishesh roop se khanij vigyaan aur sahitya mein.
Unka shiksha ka safar unhe Europe aur America ke pramukh vishwavidyalayo mein le gaya, jahan unhone kshetriya bhautik shastra mein shodh kiya. University of California, Berkeley mein kaam karte waqt, Oppenheimer ne apni hone waali patni, Katherine Peuning Harrison se mila. 1940 tak, unke do bachche the aur baad mein unki family mein ek aur bachcha, Peter Oppenheimer, aaya.
🌍 Manhattan Project aur Pramukh Bhoomika
Dusri Vishva Yudh ke prarambhik dino mein, Oppenheimer ne pehle hi andarunigam vidyut urja ki sambhavanaon par shodh karne ka kaam kiya tha. Aur 1942 mein unhe Manhattan Project ke nirdeshak ke roop mein niyukt kiya gaya, jo Los Alamos, New Mexico mein sthapit kiya gaya tha. Iska uddeshya tha atomic bomb ka vikas karna.
Unki netritva mein yeh project duniya ke pramukh vaigyaniko aur abhiyantaon ko ekatrit kiya tha, jinhone atomic bomb ke nirman par kaam kiya aur ant mein iska vijayi vikas kiya, jiske baad Hiroshima aur Nagasaki ko atomic bomb se gira diya gaya tha 1945 mein. Unki bhoomika ne itihas ki disha ko nee chavi di aur nabhikiya takneeki ke aagaman ko sankat se bhara banaya.
🤔 Nabhikiya Takneeki ki Badalti Soch
Shuruwat mein, Oppenheimer ko lagta tha ki atomic bomb ka vikas rok nahi sakte the. Unka maanna tha ki unka kaam kewal takneeki vikas ke liye hai, uska istemal kaise hoga, woh raajneetigyaon ki jimmedari thi.
Lekin, unki drishti nabhikiya takneeki par tabdeel hui jab unhone Trinity Test A-bomb ki giraavat aur Japan ki giraavat ko dekha. Trinity test ke samay, unhone Bhagavad Gita se ek prasiddh ukti ko uchchaarit kiya, jisme unhone kaha, “Ab main mrityu ka roop dharan kar chuka hoon, duniya ka vinashak.”
Hiroshima-Nagasaki ki giraavat ne unke nabhikiya takneeki ke prati chintan ko gehra kiya. Unhone Ameerika aur Russia ke beech nabhikiya astr shastra ke daud ka afsos jataya. Us samay unke samarthan se Communism ke ilzaam ke chalte, unhe raajneetik manch se nakar diya gaya.
Post-Yudh ka samay tha jab Oppenheimer ne American Philosophical Society se baat ki, jisme unhone kaha, “Humne ek aisi cheez banayi hai, ek atyant bhayanak hathiyaar, jo duniya ke prakriti ko ekdum se aur gehre roop se badal diya hai… ek aisi cheez ko, jo duniya ke sabhi maapdand ke anusar, ek buree cheez hai. Aur is tarah se… humne phir se yeh prashna uthaya hai ki kya vigyaan insaan ke liye achha hai?”
🚬 Sharab aur Cigarette ki Aadat, aur Antim Din
Oppenheimer ke samay ke sabse mahatvapurn vivaadit bhaag unki aalochana se judi thi, jo ki unke aaropit vyaktigat dosh aur janta ke saamne badnaami ke karan the. Reports ke anusaar 1944-45 mein, Oppenheimer heavy chain smoker the, jo ek din mein 100 cigarette tak pi sakte the aur adhik matra mein sharab bhi sevan karte the.
Unki tabiyat ko is prakar ke bure asar huye jab unki surakshit jama-punji ke khilaaf ilzaam lagne lage aur unki alleged Communist sympathizers se jude hone ki khabar aayi. Parantu Freeman Dyson ke anusar, jo Manhattan Project par kaam kar chuke the aur baad mein Princeton University ke Institute for Advanced Study mein bhi kaam kiya tha, Oppenheimer ko cancer ka pata lagne ke baad kuch shaanti mili.
Dyson ne bataya ki unhone apne bhavishya ke liye grast hone ko svikrit kiya; woh apne kaam mein jut gaye; unhone kabhi bhi shikayat nahi ki; woh ekdum seedhe ho gaye aur kisi ko prabhavit karne ki koshish nahi ki.
Akhiri Shabd on Oppenheimer’s Odyssey:
Oppenheimer ne 1947 se 1966 tak Princeton University ke Institute for Advanced Study ke nirdeshak ke roop mein seva ki, jo unke nidhan se thode samay pehle tak chala. Unki jeevan ke akhiri dino mein, unke dridh nishchay aur unki shaant aur sehaj vyavhar ne unke vyaktitva ko ek naye roop diya.
Unka jeevan hai ek vishesh yatra jo vigyaanik pragati ke saath-saath, uske maanavik aur naitik parinaamon ko bhi jhalakti hai. Unki charcha aaj bhi samaj ke vigyaan, neeti aur takneek ke milan par hoti hai.
